A strain named of CKB that can efficiently degrade straw was selected from soil where growing rice perennially and which was identified as Aspergillus niger by ITS sequence analysis. In the normal soil temperature and environment, the straw was degraded by the bacteria for 35 days, and the weight loss rate reached 49%. Furthermore, the degradability of cellulose and lignin by CKB was also investigated. At 72 h of the degradation, the converted glucose concentration from cellulose was 0.554 g/L, while the amount of lignin degradation was 0.607 g/L. The effect of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature on the degradation of cellulose and lignin was investigated. The structural change of straw before and after degradation were observed by SEM. The products of degradation were detected and characterized by means of Pyrolysis⁃GC/MS; the degradation mechanism of Aspergillus niger CKB was explained.

A SBS modified emulsified asphalt was prepared by using linear SBS latex, and the performance of emulsified asphalt was analyzed. Experiments set to test how emulsifier types, amounts of emulsifier, usage of line⁃type SBS latex and preparation technology affect the performance of modified asphalt emulsion. The morphology of modified asphalt emulsion has also been studies by using scanning electron microscope. The experiment results showed that when emulsifier was OP⁃10, usage of emulsifier was 2.0%, amount of line⁃type SBS latex was 4.0%, the shearing rate was 3 000~4 000 r/min, the shearing time was 30 min, the evaporation residue of modified asphalt emulsion was 65.5%, storage stability was 0.43% (1 d) and 2.15%(5 d), penetration was 65 mm and the softening point was 55.7 ℃, which matches the technical requirements of the road modified emulsified asphalt. SBS is also dispersed uniformly in emulsified asphalt.

A snow melting anti-condensation ice material for road asphalt pavement is prepared by using aluminum oxide as the carrier and acetate as the anti-condensation active material. The effects of the mass ratio of calcium acetate and magnesium acetate on the freezing point of the prepared materials,the adsorption effect of the three carriers and the amount of hydrophobic agent added on the precipitation of acetate were investigated,and the effect of anti-freezing and snow melting was investigated. The structure and stability of the prepared materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the mass ratio of medium calcium acetate and magnesium acetate in the anticondensation ice material is 1∶2,the self-made Al ₂O ₃ carrier is used. When the mass fraction of silicone hydrophobic agent is 9%,the high temperature stability of the snow melting anticondensation ice material is better. It has a good effect of suppressing ice and snow.

A new type Mannich base was developed by the reaction of binary copolymer AM/C ₉ synthesized from C ₉ petroleum fractions with acrylamide as raw materials. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, pH of solution and ratio of aldehyde were studied. The apparent viscosity of Mannich was characterized by IR spectroscopy and its structure is characterized. Finally, the performance of the product is analyzed. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: The reaction time is 4 h, the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the pH is 9 and the ratio of dimethylamine to formaldehyde was 1.5. The result of infrared spectrum characterization shows that the product has been synthesized. Synthetic Mannich base has higher viscosity, temperature and salt tolerance compared with traditional HPAM.

Paraffin emulsion was prepared from liquid paraffin by the means of adding coemulsifier. The effects of the emulsifie species and their dosages, water dosage, emulsifying temperature, and emulsifying time on the paraffin emulsion properties were studied. The results showed that composite emulsifiers could provide better performance for the paraffin emulsion. The influencing factors can be arranged in order：water dosage>emulsifier dosage>emulsifying temperature>emulsifying time. Stable paraffin emulsion can be prepared under the optimum conditions：m(glycerol monostearate)/m(Tween80)=3∶4, emulsifier dosage 0.9％，emulsifying temperature 85 ℃，emulsifying time 50 min，water dosage 62.0％ and stirring speed 1 100 r/min. The experimental result indicated that the liquid paraffinemulsion had better stability density and dispersibility.

The prepared epoxy acrylate was modified by toluene diisocyanate (TDI), affording the urethane modified acrylate pre-polymer with interpenetrating network structure. The effects of modifier dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst type and amount on the conversion rate were studied. Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of the modified product. In the mean time, the modified product ensile strength of the cured film and curing film elongation at break were analyzed. The highest conversion rate was obtained under the following condition: the amount of modifying agent (TDI) and epoxy acrylate mole ratio was 0.25∶1, reaction time 5 h, the reaction temperature was 75 ℃, the mass ratio of the composite catalyst（triethylamine and DBTD）was 1:1, added in an amount of 0.1%. IR spectra confirmed the formation of the modified pre-polymer.

he effects of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) on softening point, penetration and ductility of C₉ petroleum resin modified asphalt were studied. The mechanism for SBR- C₉ petroleum resin-modified asphalt was also discussed. The results show that SBR can effectively improve the softening point of C₉ petroleum resin-modified asphalt. When introducing 4.0% mass fraction of SBR, the performance of modified asphalt could meet the required standard of JTJ036-98. The four components (saturation, aromatic, resin and asphaltene) analytical results indicate that the aromatics content of the modified asphalt system can be increased after adding C₉ petroleum, thus the swelling and adsorption of SBR in the C₉ petroleum resin modified asphalt can be promoted. Electron microscopy result demonstrates that, when the SBR content is 5.0%, the C₉ petroleum resin modified asphalt shows good compatibility, stability, and numerous crazes. A three pitch stable polymer network structure might be formed for the SBR, C₉ petroleum resin, and asphalt system.

The low freezing point diesel antiwear agent was prepared by using naphthenic acid and 1,3 propanediol as raw materials, toluene as water carrying agent. The effects of molar ratio, reaction time and temperature on the esterification rate of the product have been studied. Moreover, the product was characterized by IR spectra. The result show that the esterification rate could reach as high as 96.1% uner the condition of the mole radio of acid and glycol was 2.1∶1 at 150 ℃ for 1 h. IR spectra confirmed the formation of target product. The prepared product showed quite high kinematic viscosity and particularly low freezing point. When 200 μg/g of the antiwear agent was added to the diesel, the antiwear property could be enhanced and the freezing point of diesel was lowered down efficiently.

C9 petroleum resin was used to modify the Liaohe 90# asphalt. The influence of the amount of C9 petroleum resin on the matrix asphalt performance has been studied ,and the modified asphalt structure has been analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show that, with the addition of C9 petroleum resins, the modified asphalt softening point was gradually increased, whereas the penetration was gradually decreased. The SEM analysis indicated a good compatibility of C9 petroleum resin and matrix asphal when the dosage of C9 petroleum resin was 4%, while the segregation phenomenon occured if the amount of C9 petroleum resin increased to 5%.

Karamay SBS modified asphalt was prepared to meet the requirements of the specifications for SBS (IC) asphalt by adding hard asphalt, petroleum resin and additives. The effects of hard asphalt, petroleum resin and additives on the softening point, penetration and storage stability of SBS modified asphalt were investigated. When the dosage of modifier SBS, hard asphalt, petroleum resin and the additives were 5%, 3%, 3%, and 2% respectively, SBS modified Karamay asphalt's softening point was 55.6 ℃, the penetration was 60.7 (0.1 mm), ductility at 5 ℃ was 31.2 cm, and the difference of softening point from the top and the bottom of storage tube was 1.2 after 48 h of storage at 163 ℃.The properties of said modified asphalt met the requirements of the specifications for SBS (IC) asphalt.

A kind of imidazolinyl quaternary ammonium salt was synthesized with oleic acid, tetraethylenepentamine and benzyl chloride. Then it was transformed into high watersoluble corrosion inhibitor by reaction with organic acid. Some factors, such as the mole ratio of raw materials, reaction time and reaction temperature affecting the anticorrosive capacity of the inhibitor were discussed. As a result, the optimum synthesis conditions is listed below: the molar ratio of organic acid to imidazolinylquaternary ammonium salt 1.1, reaction time 3 h and reaction temperature 150 ℃. The imidazolinebased corrosion inhibitor synthesized under these conditions has better watersolubility, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency to carbon steel is above 85% in the mass of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 15% at 90 ℃.

Two kinds of imidazoline nitrogen boric acid ester ( MBN1 and MBN2 ) were synthesized The structure of the product was characterized and the analysis of the hydrolytic stability, oil solubility, heat stability and tribological properties were also tested. The results showe that the thermal stability of MBN2 is better than MBN1. Its decomposition temperature reache 280℃ ,and hydrolytic stability is more than 30 days. Additives can be dissolved in base oil well. Optimal amount of additive is 2% in base oil, and the MBN2 can reduce the steel ball surface wear apparent.

CaSiO3:Eu2+ ,Dy3+ silicates storage luminescent materials were prepared by solgel method that use ethyl silicate,CaSiO3:Eu2+ ,Dy3  as the starting materials. The lattice structure and spectroscopic properties of storage luminescent materials and the influencing factors on luminescence properties were studied by Xray diffraction, fluorescence spectrum and other analytical tools. The results indicate that the calcination temperature have great influence on lattice structure and luminescence properties of sample. When the temperature is below 1 300 ℃, crystal lattice structure of sample is imperfect. The temperature higher than 1 400 ℃, the sample is prone to produce sintering phenomenon. Eu2+ as luminescent centers and its concentration have great influence on luminescence properties of samples. When the Eu2+ concentration was 0.005 mol, the luminous intensity of sample reached the maximum. In this case, the emission spectrum of the sample was an asymmetrical transmission that the peak located in 544 nm.

Melted oxidized paraffin wax grafted by acrylic acid was studied in this paper, it was discussed respectively about factors influencing grafted rate of melted oxidized paraffin wax, like reaction temperature, the dosage of ammonium persulphate, the dosage of acrylic acid and reaction time etc. It was ascertained that the proper conditions of orthogonal technology of melted oxidized paraffin wax grafted by acrylic acid, reaction temperature was 85 ℃, the dosage of ammonium persulphate 3.5%~4.5%, the dosage of acrylic acid 40%, reaction time 3 h.Finally, according to optimum proposal summarized by orthogonal experiment, modified oxidized paraffin wax was prepared with great characters of acid value, grafted rate, storage and centrifuge stability etc.

The influence of emulsification parameters including HLB value，dosage of emulsifiers, reaction temperature, stirring speed and emulsification time on particle size of oxidized wax emulsion was studied by laser particle analyzer. The results show that optimum emulsification conditions are as follows: dosage of complex emulsifiers 3.0%, the HLB value 12, reaction temperature 85 ℃,stirring speed 800 r/min, emulsification time 35 min. Under above conditions, the minimum particle size of the oxidized wax can reach 66.2 nm.

Self-made oxidized wax was adopted to develop oxidized wax emulsion in this experiment, and the effect of emulsifiers amount, emulsification temperature, stirring speed and emulsification time on emulsion performance were investigated, and finally the formulation of complex emulsifiers and the emulsification technology were determined. The results show that the first grade oxidized wax emulsion, which is milk white and has good stability and dispersity, can be prepared when the HLB value of surfactants is 12.0, reaction temperature is 85 ℃, stirring speed is 800 r/min and reaction time is 35 min

Borate esters were prepared as anti-wear lubricants additives from stearic acid, diethanolamine and boric acid and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Their optimum preparation conditions were determined by examining molecular ratio of reactants, amount of sodium hydroxide[KG*3]and[KG*3]so[KG*3]on.[KG*3]The[KG*3]experimental[KG*3]results[KG*3]show[KG*2]that[KG*2]the[KG*2]yield[KG*2]of[KG*2]borate[KG*2]esters[KG*2]can[KG*2]reach 43.33% under the optimum conditions: mole ratio of stearic acid, diethanolamine to boric acid 1.0∶1.1∶1.0, reaction temperature 105~110 ℃, reaction time 11 h. At the meanwhile, the effect of adding amount of lubricant additives on anti-wear performance of the lubricant base oil agents was also studied and find that when the mass fraction of nitrogen-containing borate ester 0.25% was adding in the liquid paraffin, PB value can reach 697.9 N, minimum wear scar diameter is 0.49 mm, the friction coefficient reduces by 0.017 as compared with that of liquid paraffin oil.

C ₉ petroleum resins was obtained by two-step synthesis from C ₉ fraction, which is the side product from enthylene production in the boiling range of 140～196 ℃. The processes of free radical polymerization and catalytic polymerization by Lewis acid were well investigated, and the effect of polymerization method, reaction time and reaction temperature on product quality was discussed. The results show that C ₉ petroleum resins can be obtained with light color and higher yield under the following conditions: the mass fraction of initiator 0.01%, the mass fraction of catalyst 1.50%, reaction time 4.5 h, free radical polymerization time 1.5 h, catalytic polymerization time 3.0 h and reaction temperature 55 ℃.

In the presence of the initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO), maleic anhydride (MAH) was grafted onto a kind of H-1 type fischer-tropsch wax by melt grafting process to improve the hardness and other indicators of Fischer-Tropsch wax. The experimental results show that, when the reaction lasted for 20 min at the reaction temperature of 140 ℃, the amount of maleic anhydride （MAH）was 5.0 g and the amount of initiator （BPO）was 4.0 g, the grafting rate reached 1.53% while the product's penetration degree was 1.6(0.1 mm). From the infrared spectroscopy (IR), we can see that MAH had been successfully grafted to the fischer-tropsch wax.

A mass proportion paraffin and microcrystalline wax was adopted as raw material, and under certain conditions catalyzed oxidation reaction took place, a sample which qualify and performance similar to that of natural carnauba wax was obtained. By using oxidation wax as experimental material and water as solvent, under the surfactants’action, after the reaction of emulsification, polishing and decontaminating wax for leather was prepared. Then some factor's effects on stability of emulsifying wax, such as emulsifier type, quantity, stirring speed, emulsifying time and emulsifying temperature were discussed. The results show that when the dosage of oxidation wax: the mass fraction of auxiliary,emulsifier and emulsifier is 1∶0.3∶0.000 2, emulsifying time is 20 min, stirring speed is 500～1 000 r/min, emulsifying temperature is 85～90 ℃, the wax for leather whose feature is well-distributed, well function and low cost which compared with the natural carnauba wax is obtained.